by Berthony
Dupont (Haiti Liberte)
Dupont (Haiti Liberte)
This week, the
United States of America will celebrate the 238th anniversary of its
Declaration of Independence. “On July 4th, 1776, a small band of patriots
declared that we were a people created equal, free to think and worship and
live as we please, that our destiny would not be determined for us, it would be
determined by us,” said U.S. President Barack Obama at a White House ceremony
last year. “At that time in human history, it was kings and princes and
emperors who made decisions. But those patriots knew there was a better way of
doing things, that freedom was possible, and that to achieve their freedom,
they’d be willing to lay down their lives, their fortune and their honor. And
so they fought a revolution.”
United States of America will celebrate the 238th anniversary of its
Declaration of Independence. “On July 4th, 1776, a small band of patriots
declared that we were a people created equal, free to think and worship and
live as we please, that our destiny would not be determined for us, it would be
determined by us,” said U.S. President Barack Obama at a White House ceremony
last year. “At that time in human history, it was kings and princes and
emperors who made decisions. But those patriots knew there was a better way of
doing things, that freedom was possible, and that to achieve their freedom,
they’d be willing to lay down their lives, their fortune and their honor. And
so they fought a revolution.”
This is the misleading version of
United States history that every American school-child learns. But this myth
has been exploded by historian Gerald Horne with his new book “The Counter-Revolution of 1776: Slave
Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America,” published two
months ago by New York University Press.
United States history that every American school-child learns. But this myth
has been exploded by historian Gerald Horne with his new book “The Counter-Revolution of 1776: Slave
Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America,” published two
months ago by New York University Press.
“We should understand that July 4th,
1776, in many ways, represents a counterrevolution,” Dr. Horne explained in an
interview about the book on Jun. 27 with the program Democracy Now. “That is to say that what helped to prompt July 4th,
1776, was the perception amongst European settlers on the North American
mainland that London was moving rapidly towards abolition. This perception was
prompted by the ‘Somerset’s case,’ a case decided in London in June 1772 which
seemed to suggest that abolition, which was going to be ratified in London
itself, was going to cross the Atlantic and basically sweep through the [North
American] mainland, thereby jeopardizing numerous fortunes, not only based upon
slavery, but the slave trade.”
1776, in many ways, represents a counterrevolution,” Dr. Horne explained in an
interview about the book on Jun. 27 with the program Democracy Now. “That is to say that what helped to prompt July 4th,
1776, was the perception amongst European settlers on the North American
mainland that London was moving rapidly towards abolition. This perception was
prompted by the ‘Somerset’s case,’ a case decided in London in June 1772 which
seemed to suggest that abolition, which was going to be ratified in London
itself, was going to cross the Atlantic and basically sweep through the [North
American] mainland, thereby jeopardizing numerous fortunes, not only based upon
slavery, but the slave trade.”
It has often been noted that the
“unalienable Rights” of “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness” demanded
by the slave-owner and principal Declaration of Independence drafter Thomas
Jefferson did not extend to the 500,000 African slaves who made up about 20% of
the 2.5 million people inhabiting the 13 break-away colonies. It did not apply
to women either.
“unalienable Rights” of “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness” demanded
by the slave-owner and principal Declaration of Independence drafter Thomas
Jefferson did not extend to the 500,000 African slaves who made up about 20% of
the 2.5 million people inhabiting the 13 break-away colonies. It did not apply
to women either.
But Dr. Horne’s book illustrates how this exclusion was not the
result of simple oversight or opportunist hypocrisy. “1776 can fairly be said
to have eventuated as a counter-revolution of slavery,” Dr. Horne writes in his
book. “ Defenders of the so-called Confederate States of America [during the
U.S. Civil War] were far from bonkers when they argued passionately that their
revolt was consistent with the animating and driving spirit of 1776.”
result of simple oversight or opportunist hypocrisy. “1776 can fairly be said
to have eventuated as a counter-revolution of slavery,” Dr. Horne writes in his
book. “ Defenders of the so-called Confederate States of America [during the
U.S. Civil War] were far from bonkers when they argued passionately that their
revolt was consistent with the animating and driving spirit of 1776.”
Indeed, one understands better the
reproach that the American founding fathers made “to our British brethren” in
their Declaration of Independence. “We have warned them from time to time of
attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.”
Their principal concern: that slavery and the slave trade would be outlawed.
reproach that the American founding fathers made “to our British brethren” in
their Declaration of Independence. “We have warned them from time to time of
attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.”
Their principal concern: that slavery and the slave trade would be outlawed.
The birth of Haiti, the second
independent nation of the Western Hemisphere, stands in stark counterpoint to
that of its northern neighbor. It was a true revolution, aimed at forever
ending slavery, not preserving it.
independent nation of the Western Hemisphere, stands in stark counterpoint to
that of its northern neighbor. It was a true revolution, aimed at forever
ending slavery, not preserving it.
Consider the words pronounced by
General Jean-Jacques Dessalines on Jan. 1, 1804 in the city of Gonaïves: “It is
not enough to have expelled the [French] barbarians who have bloodied our land
for two centuries; it is not enough to have restrained those ever-evolving
factions that one after another mocked the specter of liberty that France
dangled before you. We must, with one last act of national authority, forever
assure the empire of liberty in the country of our birth. We must take any hope
of re-enslaving us away from the inhuman government that for so long kept us in
the most humiliating torpor. In the end we must live independent or die.”
General Jean-Jacques Dessalines on Jan. 1, 1804 in the city of Gonaïves: “It is
not enough to have expelled the [French] barbarians who have bloodied our land
for two centuries; it is not enough to have restrained those ever-evolving
factions that one after another mocked the specter of liberty that France
dangled before you. We must, with one last act of national authority, forever
assure the empire of liberty in the country of our birth. We must take any hope
of re-enslaving us away from the inhuman government that for so long kept us in
the most humiliating torpor. In the end we must live independent or die.”
Unfortunately, the primitive
accumulation of capital by the newly emerged United States bourgeoisie through
its inhuman crimes helped make it the super-power it is today. As Dr. Martin
Luther King, Jr. observed: “We have deluded ourselves into believing the myth
that capitalism grew and prospered out of the Protestant ethic of hard work and
sacrifices. Capitalism was built on the exploitation of black slaves and
continues to thrive on the exploitation of the poor, both black and white, both
here and abroad.”
accumulation of capital by the newly emerged United States bourgeoisie through
its inhuman crimes helped make it the super-power it is today. As Dr. Martin
Luther King, Jr. observed: “We have deluded ourselves into believing the myth
that capitalism grew and prospered out of the Protestant ethic of hard work and
sacrifices. Capitalism was built on the exploitation of black slaves and
continues to thrive on the exploitation of the poor, both black and white, both
here and abroad.”
Furthermore, Dr. King observed that
the U.S. “was born in genocide when it embraced the doctrine that the original
American, the Indian, was an inferior race… We are perhaps the only nation
which tried as a matter of national policy to wipe out its indigenous
population. Moreover, we elevated that tragic experience into a noble crusade.”
the U.S. “was born in genocide when it embraced the doctrine that the original
American, the Indian, was an inferior race… We are perhaps the only nation
which tried as a matter of national policy to wipe out its indigenous
population. Moreover, we elevated that tragic experience into a noble crusade.”
In contrast to the American founding
fathers, who denounced the “merciless Indian Savages” in their Declaration, the
victorious slaves of the former French colony of St. Domingue renamed their new
nation “Haiti,” the original Arawak name for the entire island, meaning
“mountainous land.”
fathers, who denounced the “merciless Indian Savages” in their Declaration, the
victorious slaves of the former French colony of St. Domingue renamed their new
nation “Haiti,” the original Arawak name for the entire island, meaning
“mountainous land.”
Haiti is, in fact, the world’s first
nation to truly defend “liberty, equality, and fraternity” – the French
Revolution’s watchwords – by opposing slavery and the extermination of the
Native Americans.
nation to truly defend “liberty, equality, and fraternity” – the French
Revolution’s watchwords – by opposing slavery and the extermination of the
Native Americans.
These founding Haitian principles
have deprived the nation of the great capital that can be extracted from
exploitation, theft of land, and imperialist aggression. Haiti’s poverty also
was contributed to when the U.S. refused to recognize Haiti for six decades
(much as it embargoes revolutionary Cuba today) and militarily occupied our
country for 36 years out of the past century, most recently though the United
Nations proxy force, MINUSTAH.
have deprived the nation of the great capital that can be extracted from
exploitation, theft of land, and imperialist aggression. Haiti’s poverty also
was contributed to when the U.S. refused to recognize Haiti for six decades
(much as it embargoes revolutionary Cuba today) and militarily occupied our
country for 36 years out of the past century, most recently though the United
Nations proxy force, MINUSTAH.
Indeed, today, just as in time of
Thomas Jefferson, the U.S. seeks to destroy our 1804 revolution by making us
again a slave colony. In the past decade, their two principal thrusts have been
1) to land an occupation army in 2004 and 2) to intervene in our sovereign
2010/2011 elections to put in place a neo-colonial puppet regime, that of
President Michel Martelly and Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe. Their goal is to
re-enslave us in the sweatshop free trade zones of of SONAPI, CODEVI, and
Caracol, and to steal the wealth from our “mountainous land,” in particular the
$20 billion worth of gold dust left behind by the Spanish conquistadors who
annihilated the Arawaks.
Thomas Jefferson, the U.S. seeks to destroy our 1804 revolution by making us
again a slave colony. In the past decade, their two principal thrusts have been
1) to land an occupation army in 2004 and 2) to intervene in our sovereign
2010/2011 elections to put in place a neo-colonial puppet regime, that of
President Michel Martelly and Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe. Their goal is to
re-enslave us in the sweatshop free trade zones of of SONAPI, CODEVI, and
Caracol, and to steal the wealth from our “mountainous land,” in particular the
$20 billion worth of gold dust left behind by the Spanish conquistadors who
annihilated the Arawaks.
So, on this July 4, therefore, let
us renew our allegiance to the call that General Dessalines made to all
Haitians – both our ancestors and those of us living today – at the end of his
January 1, 1804 declaration: “Vow before me to live free and independent, and
to prefer death to anything that will try to place you back in chains.”
us renew our allegiance to the call that General Dessalines made to all
Haitians – both our ancestors and those of us living today – at the end of his
January 1, 1804 declaration: “Vow before me to live free and independent, and
to prefer death to anything that will try to place you back in chains.”
